Infection-resistant polyurethane foams, method for producing the same and use thereof in antiseptic wound dressing

ABSTRACT

The present invention describes microbicidal hydrophilic polyurethane foams endowed with polyhexamethylenebiguanide (PHMB) and/or its hydrochloride and also a superabsorbent, wound contact materials obtainable therefrom and processes for producing the therapeutically endowed polyurethane foams and the wound contact materials obtainable therefrom.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.,11/722,284, filed Jun. 20, 2007, which is a 35 U.S.C. §371 NationalStage Application of Interntational Application No. PCT/EP2005/013340,filed Dec. 13, 2005, and claims priority to DE 102004061406.7 filed Dec.21, 2004. The entire contents of each application is incorporated hereinby reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of Invention

The present application relates to an infection-resistant polyurethanefoam, in particular a hydrophilic polyurethane foam, in which theantiseptic polyhexamethylenebiguanide (PHMB) and/or its hydrochloride ispresent in the PU foam layer in microparticulate and/or homogeneouslydissolved form as well as a superabsorbent, a process for its productionand its use in wound contact materials.

2. Description of Related Art

There is a general commitment in medicine to use infection-resistantmaterials to achieve the best possible control of infections on contactof exogenous material with injured tissue or with bodily fluids. Owingto their versatile properties and flexible shaping, polymeric materialsof construction which have been rendered infection-resistant areparticularly suitable for the fabrication of medical devices orancillary equipment.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,479,795 A describes medical equipment composed ofpermeable polymers containing releasable microbicidal substances capableof diffusing to the surface of the polymer, in particular carboxylicacids.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,451,424 A describes a method of preparing a medicalarticle from a homogeneous polymeric melt, in particular polyurethane orpolyurethane-siloxane block copolymers, and chlorhexidine.

WO 96/22114 A describes a medical device comprising polyurethane as apolymeric material in which a microbicidal agent, triclosan, is presentas a plasticizer at up to 30% by weight in a homogeneous solution. Thepolyurethane described is produced by blending a polyurethane resin withthe triclosan.

GB 2085454 A describes the use of a microbicidal comonomer to make amicrobicidal polymer.

A microbicidal polymeric material for producing medical equipmentcomprising PHMB as a microbicidal agent which is present in thepolymeric carrier in microparticulate form is not described in thiscontext.

Large or chronic wounds are particularly prone to become infected.Antiseptic polymeric wound contact materials shall prevent infections ina reliable and skin-compatible manner and thereby provide sustainedsupport for the healing process.

WO 03/066116 A=U.S. 2003/0149406 A1 describes multilayered polymericwound dressings composed of polyurethane foam, preferably of HYPOL, inwhich therapeutically acting substances can be incorporated. At leastone of the layers is a hydrogel to cover the wound. The activeingredient or ingredients are dispersed in the polymeric carrier orenclosed in micelles. Release of the therapeutic ingredient from themicelles is limited to the micelles close to the surface.

U.S. 2004/0018227 A1 describes three-layered wound dressing consistinginter alia of a porous polyurethane foam capable, through physicalaction as a sponge, of taking up wound exudate. The polyurethane massmay contain antibacterial substances and growth factors. Superabsorbentsuseful as a moisture-binding constituent are not mentioned, nor are anyexamples provided as to how antibacterial substances or growth factorscan be incorporated in the polyurethane.

EP 1 175 148 A1 claims polymeric wound contact materials composed of PUfoams in whose structure the antiseptic, including PHMB, is chemicallybound to the polymeric structure through covalent bonding. Here, thecovalent bonding to the supporting PU foam means that bioavailability isonly limited.

EP 0 106 439 A1 and GB 2 290 031 A1 describe multilayered polymericwound contact materials comprising a polyurethane foam interlayer inwhich the therapeutically acting substances can be incorporated byimpregnation, for example, although there is no detailed description asto the form in which the therapeutically acting substances are presentand to what extent they are available to the wound to be treated.

GB 2 170 713 A1 describes explicitly microporous PU foams useful aswound contact materials which are impregnated through the action ofabsorbing an antiseptic solution; here, the therapeutic is onlytemporarily available until it is flushed out by wound exudate forexample.

WO 02/100450 A1 describes medicated polyurethane gels, optionally in theform of a foam, for use on skin and/or wounds, the gels containing anactive ingredient for transdermal application which is present inhomogeneous form.

DD 139942 describes a process for producing single-layered PU foam woundcontact materials having an antibacterial or some other therapeuticeffect; however, the process always appears to require the addition of ahydrophilic substance other than the active component, for examplecarbohydrates in proportions of 1-50% or some othergranulation-promoting hydrophilic agent.

PHMB has been widely described in the literature as an antiseptic agent.

WO 99/40791 A1 describes for example a water-insoluble, transparent,adherent, antimicrobial film which is applied to surfaces and has both ashort-term and a long-term disinfecting effect. The antimicrobial filmcomprises an organic biguanide polymer and also antimicrobial metallicmaterial.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,869,073 A1 describes a liquid composition for surfacecoating. The liquid composition consists of a solution, dispersion orsuspension of a biguanidic polymer and antimicrobial metallic material.

The additional use of the biocidal metallic material makes thefabrication of the wound contact materials obtained therefrominconvenient and costly.

U.S. 2004/0028722 A1 and WO 02/03899 A1 describe a cellulose wounddressing for chronic wounds which contains antimicrobial additives, forexample PHMB. Cellulose as a carrier material has the disadvantage oftending to stick to the wound, and this makes changing the dressinginconvenient and may impair the healing process.

WO 97/05910 A1 describes cellulose material containing a mixture of PHMBand of an anionic polymer such as polyacrylic acid superabsorbent forexample. The material described is used in diapers and sanitary napkins,there is no mention of a use in the sector of wound management.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,643,181 A describes a surgical dressing comprising asubstrate coated with an antimicrobial adhesive layer. The antimicrobialagent is PHMB in certain particle sizes. The presence of PHMB in theadhesive layer, however, cannot preclude the possibility of the rest ofthe dressing material being colonized by bacteria.

Similarly, WO 88/01877 A1 describes a hydrophilic PU wound dressingcomprising a hydrophilic gel-adhesive layer which may contain activeantimicrobial ingredients as well as other ingredients. Hydrogelicadhesive layers generally have but a very limited capacity for taking upwound exudate. Since, frequently, a polymeric foam layer has to beadditionally included for this purpose, fabrication of the wounddressing becomes inconvenient and costly.

SUMMARY

Proceeding from the prior art, it is accordingly an object of thepresent invention to produce a suitable microbicidal polymeric materialfor medical applications, in particular for the production of woundcontact materials, which ensures an optimal and prolongedbioavailability of the antiseptic, is capable of taking up excess woundexudate in the process, permits air and moisture exchange and is simpleand inexpensive to fabricate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The present invention accordingly provides cellular hydrophilicpolyurethane gels containing PHMB or PHMB hydrochloride and also asuperabsorbent, characterized in that the PHMB and/or the PHMBhydrochloride is present in the polyurethane gel as a microparticulatedispersion and/or homogeneous solution.

A cellular polyurethane gel is for example a polyurethane gel foam whichshall be closed- or open-cell, preferably open-cell. Foam pore sizesvary in general between 10 and 2000 μm, preferably 50 and 500 μm.

As used herein, microparticulate dispersion is to be understood asmeaning a substantially uniform dispersion of substance dispersed in thecarrier material in finely ground or micronized form. The particle sizeis generally on the order of 0.5 to 50 μm, preference being given tousing particles of 1 to 5 μm.

The substantially homogeneous microparticulate dispersion or solution ofthe PHMB or PHMB hydrochloride in the present invention's carriermaterial in the presence of the superabsorbent provides a high uptakecapacity with regard to fluid, in particular wound fluid, coupled with asimultaneous microbicidal effect which occurs immediately and/or lastsover a period of 1 to 30 days, preferably 2 to 15 days and morepreferably 5 to 7 days. The uptake capacity for any one fluid generallyvaries greatly with the composition of the fluid, among other factors,from 1 to 15 times and preferably from 2 to 10 times the weight of thepresent invention's polyurethane gel.

When the present invention's polyurethane gel foam is used as a woundcontact material, it is a characteristic feature that thegerm-containing wound exudate is taken up in the polyurethane foammaterial never to be released back into the wound, resulting in adistinct effect enhancement in relation to germ control over the priorart coupled with surprisingly low concentrations of the microbicide inthe carrier material and a broad spectrum of germs.

The use of the present invention's polyurethane gel foam in a woundcontact material has the advantages that an instant effect and, beyondthat, a long-term effect over several days facilitates the re-formationof tissue without this being compromised by frequent changes of thedressing. Combined with the ideally moist medium due to the combinationof the foam structure of the polyurethane gel carrier with the absorbenteffect of the superabsorbent for taking up wound fluid, the result is agood healing environment. Fixing and killing the germs in thepolyurethane foam protects the wound successfully against reinfection. Afurther enhancement of the healing success is conceivable throughpossible addition of one or more further actives and/or through additionof enzymes, growth factors or else cell implants from skin or stemcells, which may optionally also be present in the additional layers ofa wound contact material. The patient's wellbeing is enhanced by theskin-friendly hydrophilic elastic polyurethane foam material and/or bylocal anesthetics additionally included in the carrier material for painrelief. The foam structure of the wound dressing provides thermalinsulation to a wound.

Useful polymeric materials include for one particularly hydrophilicpolyurethane foam gels constructed of nonaromatic isocyanates and

-   a) polyetherpolyols with 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups and having OH values    of 20 to 112 and an ethylene oxide (EO) content of ≧10% by weight,-   b) antioxidants,-   c) catalysts,-   d) hexamethylene diisocyanate or a modified hexamethylene    diisocyanate,-   e) antimicrobial actives,-   f) superabsorbent,-   g) foaming agent,    wherein the product of the functionalities of the    polyurethane-forming components a) and d) is at least 5.2, the    catalyst quantity c) is 0.005% to 0.5% by weight based on the polyol    a), the amount of antioxidants b) is at least 0.1% by weight based    on polyol a) and a ratio of free NCO groups in component d) to the    free OH groups in component a) (isocyanate index/100) is selected in    the range from 0.30 to 0.70, and the amount of active e) is 0.0001%    to 25% by weight, preferably 0.001% to 5% by weight and more    preferably 0.01-1% by weight, based on the polyol a). The isocyanate    index (K, ratio of the free NCO groups used in the reaction to the    free OH groups×100) of the present invention's polyurethane gel    materials varies with the functionality of the employed isocyanate    components (F_(I)) and polyol components (F_(P)) in the range from    30 to 70 and preferably in the range from 45 to 60. The isocyanate    index required for gel formation is very simple to estimate using    the following formula:

$K \approx {\frac{F_{I}}{F_{P} \cdot \left( {F_{I} - 1} \right)} \times 100}$

Depending on the tackiness and elasticity desired for the gel, theactual isocyanate index to be used can differ from the calculated valueby up to ±20%. The amount of superabsorbent f) is 0.1-50% by weight,preferably 2-30% by weight and more preferably 25-29% by weight based onthe sum total of the polyurethane-forming components a) and d).

The present invention's polyetherpolyols a) are known per se and are forexample prepared by polymerization of epoxides, such as ethylene oxide,propylene oxide, butylene oxide or tetrahydrofuran, with themselves orby addition of these epoxides, preferably ethylene oxide and propyleneoxide—if appropriate mixed with each other or separately from eachother—onto starter components having at least two reactive hydrogenatoms, such as water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethyleneglycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane,pentaerythritol, sorbitol or sucrose. Representatives of theaforementioned high molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds to be usedare recited for example in High Polymers, Vol. XVI, “Polyurethanes,Chemistry and Technology” (Saunders-Frisch, Interscience Publishers, NewYork, Vol. 1, 1962, pages 32-34). In accordance with the presentinvention, polyetherpolyols are preferred which have 3 to 4 and morepreferably 4 hydroxyl groups and an OH number in the range of 20-112,preferably 30-56. The ethylene oxide content of the polyetherpolyolsused according to the present invention is preferably ≧20% by weight.

Isocyanate component d) comprises monomeric or trimerized hexamethylenediisocyanate or hexamethylene diisocyanate modified by biuret,uretidione, allophanate groups or by prepolymerization withpolyetherpolyols or mixtures of polyetherpolyols based on the familiarstarter components having at least two reactive hydrogen atoms andepoxides, such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide of OH number ≦850,preferably 100 to 600. Preference is given to the use of modifiedhexamethylene diisocyanate, in particular by prepolymerization withpolyetherdiols of OH number 200 to 600, whose residual level ofmonomeric hexamethylene diisocyanate is below 0.5% by weight.

Useful catalysts c) include those active for the reaction betweenhydroxyl and isocyanate groups, preferably those which are generallyknown in polyurethane chemistry. Illustrative catalysts used aretertiary amines, such as triethylamine, N-tetramethylethylenediamine,1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine,N-methyl-N′-dimethylaminoethylpiperazine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine,or else Mannich bases known as catalysts and formed from secondaryamines, such as dimethylamine and aldehydes (formaldehyde) or ketones(acetone) and phenols, or silaamines having C—Si bonds, such as2,2,4-trimethyl-2-silamorpholine and1,3-diethylaminomethyltetramethyldisiloxane. Useful catalysts furtherinclude organic metal compounds, in particular tin compounds, such astin(II) acetate, tin(II) ethylhexanoate, tin(IV) compounds such as forexample dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate,bismuth(III) carboxylates which are soluble in the anhydrouspolyetherpolyols a) and are based on linear, branched, saturated orunsaturated carboxylic acids having 2 to 18 and preferably 6 to 18carbon atoms. Preference is given to Bi(III) salts of branched saturatedcarboxylic acids having tertiary carboxyl groups, such as2,2-dimethyloctanoic acid (for example Versatic acids, Shell). Ofparticular suitability are formulations of these Bi(III) salts in excessproportions of these carboxylic acids. Of outstanding utility is asolution of 1 mol of the Bi(III) salt of Versatic 10 acid(2,2-dimethyloctanoic acid) in an excess of 3 mol of this acid with a Bicontent of about 17%. (Bi(III) neodecanoate, Coscat 83 from BrenntagNV). Further suitable catalysts are described in German Laid-OpenSpecification 29 20 501 at page 29 line 5 to page 31 line 25.

The catalysts are preferably used in amounts of 0.03% to 0.2% by weight,based on the polyol a).

Useful antioxidants b) for the present invention's polyurethane gels arein particular sterically hindered phenolic stabilizers, such as BHT(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), Vulkanox BKF(2,2′-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) (Lanxess), Irganox 1010(pentaerythrityl tetrakis [3 -(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]), Irganox 1076 (octadecyl-3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) (Ciba SpecialtyChemicals) or tocopherol (vitamin E). Preference is given to using thoseof the α-tocopherol type. Further stabilizers are mentioned for examplein Ullmann (5th edition, Volume A3, pages 91-111; Volume A20, pages461-479; Volume A23; pages 381-391). The stabilizing properties of thephenolic stabilizers can be further enhanced by addition of organicallysubstituted sulfides or disulfides, for example Irganox PS800 (dilauryl3,3′-thiopropionate) or dioctyl didecyl disulfide. Combinations of thephenolic types with one another are also possible.

The antioxidants are preferably used in amounts of 0.1% to 2.0% byweight are especially 0.15% to 0.5% by weight, based on the polyol a).In the case of antioxidant mixtures as mentioned above, the antioxidantsare preferably used in amounts of 0.05% to 0.5% by weight per individualsubstance, based on the polyol a).

As actives e), the present invention's polyurethane gel foams utilize atleast one antiseptic, preferably polyhexamethylenebiguanide (PHMB) orits salts, more preferably the hydrochloride of PHMB, but alsoadditionally other actives from the group of the broad spectrumantibiotics, the antimicrobial actives, the antifungal actives, theantipathogenic peptides, the local anesthetics, the actives having anantiseptic, hemostatic, wound-healing, immunomodulatory orgranulation-promoting effect or an effect on the central nervous system,the enzymes, in particular those having an antibacterial effect, forexample lysozyme, papain, trypsin, bactilysin, glucose oxidase), thegrowth factors, in particular epidermal growth factor (EGF), plateletderived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor alpha/beta(TGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF, ILGF), fibroblast growth factor(FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), blood-derived growthfactor (BDGF), tissue growth factor or growth- and amelogenin-likefactors (GAF) are used singly or in combination.

Useful broad-spectrum antibiotics include in particular fosfomycin,gentamicin or mupirocin and also antibacterial quinolonecarboxylicacids, useful antivirals include in particular the nucleoside-analogousvirustats such as aciclovir, ganciclovir, vidarabin, zidovudin or elsefoscarnet, useful antifungals include in particular the azoleantimycotics such as fluconazole, clotrimazole or itraconazole and theallylamines such as terbinafin or morpholines such as amorolfin orpolyenes such as natamycin, useful antipathogenic peptides include forexample lysozyme, the local anesthetics for example lidocaine,benzocaine, bupivacaine or procaine. Very particular preference is givento using polyhexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride alone.

Superabsorbents f) are known water-absorbing salts of polyacrylates andcopolymers thereof, in particular the sodium and potassium salts. Theycan be crosslinked or uncrosslinked and are also commercially available.Particularly suitable products are those disclosed in DE 37 13 601 A1and also new-generation superabsorbents with only low remaining contentsof water which can be dried out and high swelling capacity underpressure. Particularly preferred products are lightly crosslinkedpolymers based on acrylic acid/sodium acrylate. These are obtainable asFavor T (Degussa AG). Further absorbents are likewise suitable, examplesbeing carboxymethylcellulose and karaya.

Useful foaming agents g) include foaming agents common in polyurethanechemistry. They include for example carbon dioxide created chemically insitu as reaction product of isocyanate with water, or physically acting,water-free blowing agents such as low-boiling liquids, examples beingfluorocarbon 113, hydrofluorochlorocarbon 22, n-pentane, isopentane,cyclopentane, butanes and hexanes. Further ones are described forexample in Becker/Braun, Kunststoff-Handbuch, Volume 7, Poly-urethane,3rd edition, Carl Hanser Verlag Munich-Vienna, 1993, pages 115-118.However, inert gases are particularly useful for foaming the presentinvention's polyurethanes. In this technique, gases, for examplenitrogen, noble gases or carbon dioxide, are incorporated by means ofcommercially available polyurethane mixing technology without additionof water.

The degree of foaming can be varied within wide limits through theincorporated amounts of foaming agent.

The present invention's polyurethane gel compositions are prepared inconventional processes, as described for example in Becker/Braun,Kunststoff-Handbuch, Volume 7, Polyurethane, 3rd edition, Carl-HauserVerlag Munich Vienna, 1993 pages 139 ff. The reaction can be carried outin various ways, as also described therein. Preference is given totaking 1-10% of the total amount of polyol a), which containsantioxidants b), and dissolving or dispersing therein the catalyst herereferred to as mixture A). The remainder of the polyol a) is mixed withthe active or actives e) and superabsorbent f) to form the mixture B).The reaction can then be carried out by initially mixing the mixtures A)and B) and then adding the isocyanate mixture, in this case theoptionally modified hexamethylene diisocyanate, d). In the process, thepresent invention's hydrophilic polyurethane gels are foamed in thecourse of the reaction by direct addition of the foaming agent g) as agas or liquid, the density of the foamed gel reducing down to ⅙ of theinitial density of the gel mass and the volume increasing accordingly.It is also possible to combine all constituents A), B), d) and g) at thesame time. When low-boiling liquids are used, these are preferably mixedwith one of the components A), B) or d). A broadly applicabledescription is to be found in WO 94/07935 A1 at page 19 line 9 to page22 line 18.

It is further possible to use preferably hydrophilic polyurethane gelfoams consisting of a polyurethane gel which is self-adhesively oralternatively non-adhesively elastic and which contains

-   (A) 25-62% or alternatively 15-62% by weight, preferably 30-60% or    alternatively 20-57% by weight, more preferably 40-57% or    alternatively 25-47% by weight, based on the sum total of (A) and    (B), of a covalently crosslinked polyurethane as a high molecular    weight matrix and-   (B) 75-38% or alternatively 85-38% by weight, preferably 70-40% or    alternatively 80-43% by weight, more preferably 60-43% or    alternatively 75-53% by weight, based on the sum total of (A) and    (B), of one or more polyhydroxy compounds which are firmly held in    the matrix by secondary valence forces and have an average molecular    weight between 1000 and 12 000, preferably between 1500 and 8000,    more preferably between 2000 and 6000, and an average OH number    between 20 and 112, preferably between 25 and 84 and more preferably    between 28 and 56, as a liquid dispersant, the dispersant being    substantially free of hydroxy compounds having a molecular weight    below 800, preferably below 1000 and more preferably below 1500, and    also-   (C) 0.00001% to 25% by weight, preferably 0.001% to 5% by weight and    more preferably 0.001-2.5%, based on the sum total of (A) and (B),    of active, preferably polyhexamethylenebiguanide, more preferably    its hydrochloride, and if appropriate one or more further actives    and also-   (D) 0.1% to 50% by weight, preferably 2-30% by weight and more    preferably 25-29% by weight, based on the sum total of (A) and (B),    of superabsorbent-   (E) 0.01% to 10% by weight based on the sum total of (A) and (B) of    foaming agent, and also if appropriate-   (F) 0% to 100% by weight, based on the sum total of (A) and (B), of    filler and/or additive substances, and which is obtainable by    reaction of a mixture of

I) one or more polyisocyanates,

II) one or more polyhydroxy compounds having an average molecular weightbetween 1000 and 12 000 and an average OH number between 20 and 112,

III) one or more antimicrobial actives,

IV) one or more water-absorbing materials,

V) a foaming agent which is liquid or gaseous at room temperature, andalso if appropriate

VI) catalysts and accelerants for the reaction between isocyanate groupsand hydroxyl groups, and also if appropriate

VII) filler and additive substances known per se from polyurethanechemistry,

wherein the mixture is substantially free of hydroxy compounds having amolecular weight below 800, the average functionality of thepolyisocyanates (F_(I)) is preferably between 2 and 4, the averagefunctionality of the polyhydroxy compound (F_(P)) is between 3 and 6 andthe isocyanate index (K) conforms to the formula

$K = {\frac{300 \pm X}{\left( {F_{I} \cdot F_{P}} \right) - 1} + 7}$

where X is ≦120, preferably X is ≦100 and more preferably X is ≦90 andthe K index has values between 50 and 70, the specified molecular weightand OH number averages being number averages.

The polyurethane gels are obtainable from the starting compounds knownper se from polyurethane chemistry by processes known per se asdescribed for example in DE 31 03 499 A1, DE 31 03 500 A1 and EP 0 147588 A1. It is essential, however, that the above-defined conditions beadhered to for the selection of the gel-forming components todifferentiate the properties of the desired gels in order thatnon-adhesive elastic gels are obtained in one case or alternativelyself-adhesive gels are obtained.

Preferred polyhydroxy compounds are polyether polyols as moreparticularly specified in the abovementioned Laid-Open Specifications.

Useful polyisocyanate components I) include not only (cyclo)aliphaticbut also aromatic isocyanates. Preferred (cyclo)aliphaticpolyisocyanates are 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and also its biuretsand trimers and hydrogenated diphenylmethane diisocyanate (“MDI”)grades. Preferred aromatic polyisocyanates are those which are obtainedby distillation, such as MDI mixtures of 4,4′- and 2,4′-isomers or4,4′-MDI and also tolylene diisocyanate (“TDI”) grades. The TDI gradesmay also contain higher functional fractions due to modifications, suchas biuretization or trimerization. The diisocyanates characterizing thepolyisocyanates can be selected in particular for example from the groupof the unmodified aromatic or aliphatic diisocyanates or alternativelyfrom modified products formed by prepolymerization with amines, polyolsor polyetherpolyols.

Useful polyhydroxy compounds II) include the materials indicated at a)above in the description of the polyurethane foam gels constructed fromnonaromatic isocyanates.

Useful active III) include those indicated, preferred and particularlypreferred at e) in the above description of the polyurethane foam gelsconstructed from nonaromatic isocyanates. Very particular preference isgiven to using polyhexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride alone.

Useful water-absorbing materials IV) preferably include thesuperabsorbent at f) in the above description of the polyurethane foamgels constructed from nonaromatic isocyanates, preferably thesuperabsorbents preferred at f).

Useful foaming agents V) include those common in polyurethane chemistrywhich are indicated at g) in the above description of the polyurethanefoam gels constructed from nonaromatic isocyanates. Depending on theirproperties, these foaming agents will be present in the finalpolyurethane foam in a dissolved state.

Useful catalysts and accelerants VI) for the reaction between isocyanategroups and hydroxyl groups include if appropriate those indicated at c)in the above description of the polyurethane foam gels constructed fromnonaromatic isocyanates.

Useful filler and additive materials VI) include the additive materialsknown per se from polyurethane chemistry. Such additive materialsinclude if appropriate the antioxidants mentioned in the abovedescription of the polyurethane foam gels constructed from nonaromaticisocyanates. In accordance with the present invention, the hydrophilicmaterials of foam gel may have added to them, preferably at up to 100%by weight, based on the total weight of the gel, fillers, dyes, metalpigments, thickening agents, surface-active substances, extenders,resins, etc. Useful inorganic fillers include in particular powderscomposed of zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, barite, chalk, gypsum,kieserite, sodium carbonate, cerium oxide, quartz sand, kaolin, carbonblack and microballoons and also short fibers, such as glass fibers0.1-1 mm in length. As organic fillers there may be recited inparticular powders based on polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride,urea-formaldehyde and polyhydrazodicarbonamide, swellable powders andfibers <0.01 mm in fiber length, for example fibers based on polyacrylicacids and their salts or others, as mentioned for example in AbsorbentPolymer Technology (Brannon-Peppas, Harland, Elsevier,Amsterdam-Oxford-New York-Tokyo, 1990, pages 9-22), and also materialsused as textile fibers, examples being polyester or polyamide fibers.Useful dyes or color pigments include in particular those used in foods,packaging or cosmetics, such as iron oxide or chromium oxide pigments,pigments based on phthalocyanine or on a monoazo basis. Usefulsurface-active substances include for example cellulose powder,activated carbon and silica products.

To modify the adhesive properties of the gels, they may optionallyinclude additions of extenders and resins, i.e. polymeric vinylcompounds, polyacrylates and other copolymers customary in adhesivetechnology, or else adhesives based on natural materials, at up to alevel of 10% by weight, based on the weight of the gel composition.

The present invention's polyurethane gel compositions are prepared inconventional processes as described for example in Becker/Braun,Kunststoff-Handbuch, Volume 7, Polyurethane, 3rd edition., Carl-HauserVerlag Munich Vienna, 1993 pages 139 ff. The reaction can be carriedout, as also stated there, using different procedures and differentmachines.

The present invention's polyurethane foam gel compositions can be usedgenerally for producing medical equipment, in particular shaped articlesand adhesive layers, preferably products having contact with human andanimal tissues, as with the skin, with mucosae, or with open wounds orwith bodily fluids and secretions/exudates, as for example saliva,blood, wound fluids, urine, feces or perspiration. The materials arealso useful for adhering and fixing to skin.

Preference is given to using the present invention's polyurethane foamgel compositions in the wound management sector, in particular as aweakly or strongly self-adhering or else non-adhering elastic at leastsingle-ply layer, used as plasters, quick wound bandages, as a woundcontact material for large or chronic wounds, for example burn injuries,or for adhering wound management products to a body's surface. Theyadditional serve to take up blood or wound exudate and also forcushioning and thermal insulation. Further fields of use include forexample orthopedic articles, hygiene and cosmetic articles or stronglymoisture-absorbing, swellable and cushioning pads and inserts, forexample shoe inserts, if appropriate also as pressure-distributablefilling compositions for cushions or cushioning elements.

The present invention's polymer and its use in wound contact materialsmake for example the following advantages possible:

Control of microbial infection of the wound and prevention ofreinfection

Absorption and irreversible retention of wound exudate and hence supportof the healing process

Killing bacteria absorbed in the foam together with wound exudate

Skin compatibility of the polyurethane material

The frequent changing of the wound contact material (several times a dayat present) becomes superfluous, leaving the contact material on thewound for at least 3 up to 5 days becomes possible, and so new skintissue is able to form better without disruption.

Thermal insulation of a wound

Further actives such as antibiotics for assisting bacterial control orlocal anesthetics for pain alleviation can be incorporated in thepolymer and slowly released again continuously therefrom.

If appropriate acceleration of wound healing through enzymes, growthfactors and cell implants (stem cells for example).

Conceivable wound contact materials fabricated from the presentinvention's polymer consist at least of the infection-resistantpolyurethane foam which contains an antiseptic, preferably PHMB, andsuperabsorbent and is self-adhesive if appropriate and if appropriatecomes into direct contact with the wound, and also optionally a furtheradhesive layer for fixing the wound contact material to the skin andalso optionally an air- and externally moisture-pervious polymer filmcovering of, for example, polyurethane for mechanical protection andhandling of the wound contact material and also to protect the presentinvention's polyurethane foam against the ingress of moisture andmicroorganisms.

The optional adhesive layer for fixing the infection-resistantpolyurethane foam can in turn be optionally endowed with antimicrobial,preferably PHMB or pain-relieving substances. The present invention'spolyurethane foam can if appropriate be coated on the wound side with alayer of various materials, examples being collagen, alginates,hydrocolloids, hydrogels, hydrofibers, a cellulose fleece, a pervioussilicone layer, a synthetic (polyurethane) polymer or inorganic silicagel fiber polymers which can in turn contain wound healing promoters,analgesics, antiseptics, antibiotics, enzymes, growth factors or cells.The materials allow moisture to pass into the present invention'spolyurethane foam. This additional layer can for example like theexudate-absorbing foam likewise contain PHMB, which is capable ofcontrolling bacteria in direct contact with the wound, and ensures theaccelerated recurrence of the effect mediated by the present invention'spolyurethane foam. This additional layer can serve as particularlyskin-friendly, atraumatic surface for the present invention'spolyurethane foam when the wound is particularly sensitive.

The described assembly of various layers in the wound contact materialcan be enclosed in a filmlike material to form a sterile package, thepackage being opened directly before use.

The construction of such wound contact materials is common knowledge anddescribed for example in WO 02/100450 A1 and shown therein in FIGS. 1 to6.

Preference, particular preference or very particular preference is givento embodiments utilizing parameters, compounds, definitions andelucidations mentioned under preferred, particularly preferred or veryparticularly preferred.

The general or preferred definitions, parameters, compounds andelucidations recited in the description, however, may also be combinedwith one another, i.e. between the respective ranges and preferredranges, in any desired way.

The example which follows is intended to particularly elucidate theinvention without, however, restricting the invention thereto.

EXAMPLE Example 1

In a paperboard cup, 64.22 g of Levagel® SN 100 [Bayer MaterialScienceAG, polyol interpolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide (EO),pentaerythritol starter, ethylene oxide end block, OH number 4, averagemolecular weight 6400, EO content 20% by weight, stabilized with 0.5% byweight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT)] are admixed with 27.52g of FAVOR®-PAC 230 (Degussa AG, superabsorbent based on polyacrylicacid, salt of a crosslinked grafted polyacrylic acid-polyalcoholcopolymer) and 1.00 g of PHMB hydrochloride, previously supplementarilydried at 80° C. in a vacuum drying cabinet, by stirring. This isfollowed by addition of a freshly prepared solution of 0.055 g ofdibutyltin laurate in 2.70 g of Levagel® SN 100 and thorough commixing.Lastly, 5.505 g of Desmodur® E 305 (Bayer MaterialScience AG,NCO-terminated prepolymer based on 7 mol of hexamethylene diisocyanateand 1 mol of polypropylene oxide and having an average molecular weightof 400 g/mol, NCO content about 12.3-13.3% by weight) and 5 g ofisopentane are added, followed by commixing for 1 min, and pouring ofthe mass into a Teflon dish. A pale yellow tacky foam is obtained.

1. A cellular hydrophilic polyurethane gel containing an antisepticagent polyhexamethylenebiguanide and/or a hydrochloride thereof and asuperabsorbent, wherein the antiseptic agent is present in thepolyurethane gel as a microparticulate dispersion and/or homogenoussolution.
 2. A process for producing the cellular hydrophilicpolyurethane gel according to claim 1 by reaction of monomers and afoaming agent in the presence of any desired active, wherein at leastone active is mixed into a mixture of the monomers beforepolymerization.
 3. A method for producing medical equipment comprising:obtaining cellular hydrophilic polyurethane gel according to claim 1;and using said polyurethane gel to produce said equipment.
 4. A methodfor producing an at least one-ply wound contact material comprising:obtaining the polyurethane gel according to claim 1; and using saidpolyurethane gel to produce said contact material.
 5. A method forproducing a wound contact material for large or chronic woundscomprising: obtaining the polyurethane gel according to claim 1; andusing said polyurethane gel to produce said contact material.
 6. A woundcontact material comprising at least one cellular hydrophilicpolyurethane gel according to claim
 1. 7. The cellular hydrophilicpolyurethane gel according to claim 1, wherein the antiseptic agent ispresent as a microparticular dispersion comprising a substantiallyuniform dispersion of antiseptic agent, dispersed in the polyurethanegel in finely grounded or micronized form.
 8. The cellular hydrophilicpolyurethane gel according to claim 7, wherein the antiseptic agent isof particle size 0.5 to 50 μm.
 9. The cellular hydrophilic polyurethanegel according to claim 8, wherein the antiseptic agent is of particlesize 1 to 5 μm.
 10. The cellular hydrophilic polyurethane gel accordingto claim 1, wherein the antiseptic agent is of particle size 0.5 to 50μm.
 11. The cellular hydrophilic polyurethane gel according to claim 1,wherein the antiseptic agent is of particle size 1 to 5 μm.
 12. Thecellular hydrophilic polyurethane gel according to claim 1, wherein theantiseptic agent is present as a particulate dispersion.
 13. Thecellular hydrophilic polyurethane gel according to claim 1, wherein theantiseptic agent is present as a homogeneous solution.